Microalgae cultivation is the process of growing and harvesting microscopic algae for various industrial, commercial, and research purposes. These single-celled organisms are typically cultivated in controlled environments such as photobioreactors or open ponds, where they are exposed to specific conditions of light, temperature, and nutrients to promote growth and productivity. Microalgae are known for their high photosynthetic efficiency, rapid growth rates, and diverse biochemical composition, which makes them valuable for a variety of applications. These include biofuel production, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, wastewater treatment, and carbon sequestration. Research in microalgae cultivation focuses on optimizing growth conditions, increasing biomass productivity, improving lipid and protein content, and developing cost-effective and sustainable cultivation methods. Studies also explore genetic manipulation, metabolic engineering, and bioprocess optimization to enhance the commercial viability and scalability of microalgae cultivation for various industries.